For US counterterrorism team, online is the new frontline
http://www.timesofisrael.com/for-us-counterterrorism-team-online-is-the-new-frontline/
State Department uses Twitter, Facebook to fight terrorists on the virtual
battlefield
By Jason Straziuso April 13, 2013, 6:42 am 0
The Facebook page of the US Digital Outreach Team, a group countering
extremist propaganda on sites like Twitter and Facebook (photo credit: AP/US
Digital Outreach Team)
The Facebook page of the US Digital Outreach Team, a group countering
extremist propaganda on sites like Twitter and Facebook (photo credit: AP/US
Digital Outreach Team)
NAIROBI, Kenya (AP) - The U.S. official who oversees American efforts to
counter al-Qaeda and other militants in the online battlefield keeps a quote
on his desk from a "Most Wanted" jihadi from America's South. The Alabama
native wrote that "the war of narratives has become even more important than
the war of navies, napalm and knives."
"I keep that on my desk because that is true," Alberto Fernandez, the top
official at the State Department's Center for Strategic Counterterrorism
Communications, told The Associated Press. "It doesn't mean I think he's a
great thinker or anything. I just thought that was right."
In this Wednesday, May 11, 2011 file photo, American-born Islamist militant
Omar Hammami, 27, also known as Abu Mansur al-Amriki, addresses a press
conference of the militant group al-Shabab at a farm in southern Mogadishu's
Afgoye district in Somalia. (photo credit: AP/Farah Abdi Warsameh)
The wanted fighter behind the quote is Omar Hammami, who joined the Somali
militant group al-Shabab about seven years ago and is a prolific user of
Twitter, where he nostalgically posts about America - like the U.S.
children's television show Reading Rainbow or his grandmother's cooking - as
well as analyses of al-Shabab's battlefield strategy.
Fernandez' Digital Outreach Team has had online exchanges with Hammami in
Arabic, though Fernandez says that while Hammami is engaging, silly and
flippant in English, his Arabic is "staged and formal, as if someone is
doing it for him."
One example of that flippancy: After the U.S. recently announced a $5
million reward for Hammami he responded on Twitter: "As I'm a bit low on
cash, how much is my left leg going for?"
Hammami, Fernandez says, has responded to the U.S. online efforts "in
superficial ways . he hasn't engaged in a substantive way."
"We are focused on specifics on al-Qaeda/al-Shabab actions in Somalia, their
violence and brutality against the Somali people, the disconnect between
their words and their actions," Fernandez said in a telephone interview from
Washington. "A week ago they beheaded an 80-year-old Somali imam for
disagreeing with them."
The Digital Outreach Team tweets, posts updates on Facebook and uploads
video to YouTube in Arabic, Punjabi, Somali and Urdu. The 50-member team is
comprised of Americans and foreign nationals who are native speakers of the
four languages. The unit had more than 7,000 what it terms "engagements" -
postings, updates or uploads in 2012, its second full year in operation.
For example, on Wednesday the Digital Outreach Team said on its Arabic
Facebook page that Jabhat al-Nusra, one of the most powerful Islamic
militant groups fighting alongside Syrian rebels against the regime of
Syrian President Bashar Assad, is not in Syria "to support the revolution
and the Syrian people, but to impose al-Qaeda's political agenda."
Foreign fighters once mostly confined their online conversations to militant
chat rooms and forums, but they have been migrating to more public Internet
platforms in recent years, Fernandez said.
"The goal is to contest space that had previously been ceded to extremists,
to confront them, to expose the bankruptcy and contradictions, the
incoherence of al-Qaida, their friends and allies," said the Arabic-speaking
Fernandez. "Previously they could monopolize, they could post their lies and
no one was there to challenge them. And now we're there to challenge them on
whatever platform they're at."
Terrorism expert J.M. Berger said Fernandez's group faces challenges.
Tens of thousands of social media users with an interest in violent
ideologies can be identified, Berger, who published a paper last month about
countering violent extremism on social networks for the International Centre
for the Study of Radicalisation, told AP in an email. But it's "very
difficult to figure out which users are worth watching. For students of
extremist movements and those working to counter violent extremism online,
deciphering the signal amid the noise can prove incredibly daunting."
Berger said he has a high opinion of the work of Fernandez' team, which is
working in an online environment that is both new to the government and
fraught with pitfalls.
"There's a massive amount of work needed to develop the expertise to back
such efforts up. Because it's Twitter, you don't think of it as requiring a
lot of knowledge to wade on in, but these guys need all kinds of linguistic,
regional and subject matter expertise," Berger said.
The Digital Outreach Team briefs Congress, think tanks and "others in
government," Fernandez said.
Hammami says he is unimpressed with Fernandez's team.
He regularly chats online with a group of American terrorism experts and, in
a tweet last month, said: "so far the digital outreach is quite lame. I
think being in Arabic hides that fact from you guys."
Hammami's online exchanges are so colloquial and so infused with Americana
that many in the counter-terror field have formed a type of digital bond
with Hammami. Fernandez even says: "I feel pity for him."
"I feel like he's one of those young men whose life has been ruined by
getting into crimes or drugs and it turns out to be far different than he
expected and they can't get out," Fernandez said.
Copyright 2013 The Associated Press.
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